Showing posts with label Eisenhower. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Eisenhower. Show all posts

Tuesday, July 30, 2013

July 31: Dan Mitrione, CIA, Kidnapped

On this date in History ... July 31, 1970:
Dan Mitrione

Dan Mitrione, a CIA agent, was kidnapped in Uraguay by guerillas in Latin American affairs. 11 days later, Mitrione was found in the trunk of a car, shot twice in the head. 

Mitrione was Italian-born who made Richmond, Indiana his hometown, where he served as Richmond’s police chief before moving on to the State Department & later the CIA. He left a wife and 9 children.  His funeral was a big media event, attended by David Eisenhower, and the Secretary of State, William Rogers.  


Sinatra with the Mitrione Family
Frank Sinatra and Jerry Lewis came to Richmond to do a benefit concert that raised $20,000 (over $100K in 2010 dollars) for Mitrione’s children.  

However, there is a dark side to this "hero's" story......

Mitrione was hailed as a hero to his hometown of Richmond.  Growing up in Richmond, I was eleven years old at the time and I remember the adults explaining that he was like the guys on the TV show “Mission Impossible”: top secret and the “government will disavow any knowledge of your activity”. 

Mitrione joined the FBI in 1959 and became a counter-insurgency specialist while assigned to the Agency for International Development with the Office of Public Safety.

But the untold part of the story is that he was a torture expert, taking it to a “cold science”. He instructed police in Brazil and Uruguay in "advanced anti-subversion and torture techniques". He also directly participated in and oversaw information extraction from prisoners.

He personally oversaw the soundproofing of his Uruguay home basement, testing it multiple times to make sure no sound at all escaped.  He taught brutal torture techniques, using beggars off of the streets as subjects for his classes held in his basement.  Four of these beggars died during the demonstration. Those who lived were allegedly executed once they were no longer needed. 

A July 19, 1973 issue of “New Scientist” (Vol 59 No 8550), a London publication, ran an article entitled “Building a Better Thumbscrew” in which it reports that Mitrione “was believed to be responsible for what is widely called the Mitrione Vest. This device is an inflatable vest which can be used to increase pressure on the chest during interrogation, sometimes crushing the rib cage.”  It is said be as effective as waterboarding but without the mess of the water.

Mitrione is quoted as saying, "A premature death means a failure by the technician.  It's important to know in advance if we can permit ourselves the luxury of the subject's death."  It is said that during this conversation “his plastic eyes sparkled” for the only time in months.  "The precise pain, in the precise place, in the precise amount, for the desired effect."

This four-minute video clips tells some of the story:  

A few days after Mitrione’s funeral a senior officer from Uruguay charged that Mitrione was there to teach police torture techniques, a charge the U.S. government called “absolutely false”.  In 1978, a CIA agent named Manuel Hevia Cosculleula published a book about his years working with Mitrione (“Eight Years with the CIA”) in which he described the electrical torture techniques taught by Mitrione.  According to Cosculleula, Mitrione told him:
  
"Before all else, you must be efficient. You must cause only the damage that is strictly necessary, not a bit more. We must control our tempers in any case. You have to act with the efficiency and cleanness of a surgeon and with the perfection of an artist. This is a war to the death. Those people are my enemy. This is a hard job, and someone has to do it. It's necessary. Since it's my turn, I'm going to do it to perfection. If I were a boxer, I would try to be the world champion. But I'm not. But though I'm not, in this profession, my profession, I'm the best."  

According to the book “Killing Hope”, written by William Blum:

“Things got so bad in Mitrione's time that the Uruguayan Senate was compelled undertake an investigation. After a five-month study, the commission concluded unanimously that torture in Uruguay had become a "normal, frequent and habitual occurrence inflicted upon Tupamaros as well as others. Among the types of torture the commission's report made reference to were electric shocks to the genitals, electric needles under the fingernails, burning with cigarettes, the slow compression of the testicles, daily use of psychological torture ... "pregnant women were subjected to various brutalities and inhuman treatment" ... "certain women were imprisoned with their very young infants and subjected to the same treatment." 


White House spokesman, Ron Ziegler, solemnly stated that "Mr. Mitrione's devoted service to the cause of peaceful progress in an orderly world will remain as an example for free men everywhere.''


"A perfect man," his widow said.

 

"A great humanitarian," said his daughter Linda.”


A 1973 movie, "State of Siege", was made based on the Mitrione story.

Dan Mitrione Jr.
The Mitrione story continues to a second generation.  His son, Dan Jr., after graduating from college and serving two years in Vietnam, joined the FBI. The younger Mitrione believed his father had been killed, not by his kidnappers, but by the U.S. government.  He had joined the FBI for the sole purpose of finding those responsible and “terminating them.” 

Mitrione was assigned to Operation Airlift in Florida, the FBI’s first venture into the drug war. Operation Airlift was formed around Sandini, a drug smuggler and suspected murderer who offered his services to the FBI in exchange for avoiding drug smuggling charges. Mitrione soon fell on the other side of the line.  During the Operation, Mitrione and Sandini had been skimming cocaine and selling it themselves. 

In April 1983, the FBI ceased Operation Airlift but Mitrione resigned from the FBI to become a business partner with Sandini and kept the cocaine smuggling going.  Mitrione began buying real estate and taking his wife and family on extravagant vacations all over the world. 

In April 1984, when a bomb was found under Sandini’s car, Mitrione was the prime suspect.  Both partners were afraid the other was about to sell out to authorities and the motive behind the bomb was believed to be an attempt to prevent Sandini from talking.  Local prosecutors had problems putting a case together because the FBI refused to cooperate and turn over files.  It was not until August 1984 that the FBI actually begin to investigate their former agent and came to the same conclusion: Mitrione planted the bomb.

In 1985, Mitrione was arrested and convicted of illegal drug trafficking. It was found that during Operation Airlift Mitrione and his partner had been turning over confiscated cocaine shipments to the government but not before skimming 42 kilos, an amount that would earn the two partners over $1 million each. Since he confessed and agreed to turn over real estate and other assets worth $850,000, Mitrione was sentenced to ten years probation. Since then he has authored a number of true-crime books.

Sources for this article include, but not limited to:

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Friday, July 12, 2013

July 12: Theodore Roosevelt Jr

On this date in History .... July 12, 1944:

General Theodore Roosevelt II, eldest son of Franklin D. Roosevelt, died of a heart attack in his tent in France, approximately one month after the Utah Beach landing, at the age of 56. 

Throughout World War II, he suffered from health problems and walked with a cane. He also had heart trouble. On the day of his death he had been selected by General Omar Bradley for promotion to major general and orders had been cut placing him in command of the 90th Infantry Division. These recommendations were sent to General Dwight D. Eisenhower for approval, but when Eisenhower called the next morning to approve them, he had to be told that Roosevelt had died during the night.  

He was buried at the American cemetery in Normandy. He now lies next to his younger brother, Lieutenant Quentin Roosevelt. Quentin, a pilot, had been killed in France during World War I and was initially buried at Chamery, but was exhumed in 1955 and moved to the Normandy Cemetery, in order to be re-interred next to his brother. 



See also my blog of June 6th:  http://thimblefulsofhistory.blogspot.com/2013/06/june-6-d-day-theodore-roosevelt-jr.html




Wednesday, July 10, 2013

July 11: "In God We Trust"

On this date in History ... July 11, 1956:

In the decades following the Civil War, "In God We Trust" appeared on most coins. Since 1938, the motto has appeared on all American coinage. 

On July 11, 1956, during the height of the Cold War struggle with the officially atheist Soviet Union, Congress passed a joint resolution, signed by President Dwight Eisenhower, declaring "In God We Trust" to be the national motto. 

The following year, on Oct. 1, the motto appeared for the first time on paper currency - on the back of the dollar bill.

Thursday, June 6, 2013

June 6: D-Day & Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

On this date in History .... June 6, 1944:

The day after General Eisenhower gave the order to commence Operation Overlord, which would become known as "D-Day", and would become the largest amphibious military operation in history. Some of the numbers of the day include:

  • 6000 ships and landing crafts, carrying ....
  • 176,000 troops
  • 822 aircraft that would drop parachutists in Normandy
  • 13,000 additional aircraft to provide cover and air support.
Hitler believed the invasion was a fake and a diversion and refused to release German troops to the area. 


Theodore Roosevelt Jr., the eldest son of Theodore and Edith Roosevelt, was the only general on D-Day to land by sea with the first wave of troops. He would be the oldest man involved in the invasion (age 56) and the only man to serve with his son on D-Day at Normandy. 

He heard the first wave landing craft had drifted more than a mile off target.  Armed with only a pistol, he took off walking with his cane to find the causeways to be used as an inland landing point. He then returned to the commanders and shared the information, coordinating the attack.  His famous words at this point were, "We'll start the war from right here!"

Roosevelt died a month later of a heart attack in his tent.  He was buried in the American cemetery in Normandy.  

His Medal of Honor Citation reads:

"Citation: for gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty on 6 June 1944, in France. After 2 verbal requests to accompany the leading assault elements in the Normandy invasion had been denied, Brig. Gen. Roosevelt's written request for this mission was approved and he landed with the first wave of the forces assaulting the enemy-held beaches. He repeatedly led groups from the beach, over the seawall and established them inland. His valor, courage, and presence in the very front of the attack and his complete unconcern at being under heavy fire inspired the troops to heights of enthusiasm and self-sacrifice. 

Although the enemy had the beach under constant direct fire, Brig. Gen. Roosevelt moved from one locality to another, rallying men around him, directed and personally led them against the enemy.  Under his seasoned, precise, calm, and unfaltering leadership, assault troops reduced beach strong points and rapidly moved inland with minimum casualties. He thus contributed substantially to the successful establishment of the beachhead in France."






Monday, February 11, 2013

February 11 ..... "Payola"

On this date in History ... 1960:

The issue of Payola reached a new level of prominence when President Eisenhower proclaimed “an issue of public morality”.  The FCC proposed a law to make it an illegal act. 

“Payola” was the term describing how radio stations and DJ’s were paid to play a record. The number of times a record is played can influence its popularity. Some DJs admitted to receiving a total of over $10,000 for their “listening fees”.  One DJ, in his testimony to Congress dismissed it as a problem, comparing it to “giving the teacher a better gift than the fellow at the next desk.”

Congress got involved as a matter of trust, since the (public) radio airwaves were owned by the public. Others were of the opinion that 1960 was an election year and since it was the middle of the Cold War and the country was just coming out of the big Game Show Scandal, politicians wanted to appear to be on the moral side of things.

The consensus was the hearings didn’t accomplish much in the way of eliminating Payola, but did accomplish two things: they threatened the career of Dick Clark on American Bandstand (who avoided trouble by selling his interest in a recording company and cooperating fully with the investigation), and destroyed the career of rock-n-roll legend Alan Freed.

Saturday, December 1, 2012

December 1: Antartica Treaty

On this date in History .... 1959:

The Antarctica Treaty is signed by the U.S., Russia and ten other nations, banning military activity and weapons testing on the continent, becoming the first arms control agreement signed in the Cold War period.
 
The “South Pole” area, the Earth’s only continent without a native human population (and therefore no citizenship or government), had been a constant clash of claims against territorial ownership and U.S. officials wanted Pres. Eisenhower to be more assertive as they believed it to be a great space for nuclear testing. 
 
Eisenhower, however, took the opposite approach. He began working with the Soviets and the treaty made it military free and allowed scientific expeditions to travel across any area claimed by other nations without any hindrance or problems, encouraging “environmental stewardship”.    
 
There are now over 50 countries that have signed the treaty.


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