Tuesday, July 30, 2013

July 31: Dan Mitrione, CIA, Kidnapped

On this date in History ... July 31, 1970:
Dan Mitrione

Dan Mitrione, a CIA agent, was kidnapped in Uraguay by guerillas in Latin American affairs. 11 days later, Mitrione was found in the trunk of a car, shot twice in the head. 

Mitrione was Italian-born who made Richmond, Indiana his hometown, where he served as Richmond’s police chief before moving on to the State Department & later the CIA. He left a wife and 9 children.  His funeral was a big media event, attended by David Eisenhower, and the Secretary of State, William Rogers.  


Sinatra with the Mitrione Family
Frank Sinatra and Jerry Lewis came to Richmond to do a benefit concert that raised $20,000 (over $100K in 2010 dollars) for Mitrione’s children.  

However, there is a dark side to this "hero's" story......

Mitrione was hailed as a hero to his hometown of Richmond.  Growing up in Richmond, I was eleven years old at the time and I remember the adults explaining that he was like the guys on the TV show “Mission Impossible”: top secret and the “government will disavow any knowledge of your activity”. 

Mitrione joined the FBI in 1959 and became a counter-insurgency specialist while assigned to the Agency for International Development with the Office of Public Safety.

But the untold part of the story is that he was a torture expert, taking it to a “cold science”. He instructed police in Brazil and Uruguay in "advanced anti-subversion and torture techniques". He also directly participated in and oversaw information extraction from prisoners.

He personally oversaw the soundproofing of his Uruguay home basement, testing it multiple times to make sure no sound at all escaped.  He taught brutal torture techniques, using beggars off of the streets as subjects for his classes held in his basement.  Four of these beggars died during the demonstration. Those who lived were allegedly executed once they were no longer needed. 

A July 19, 1973 issue of “New Scientist” (Vol 59 No 8550), a London publication, ran an article entitled “Building a Better Thumbscrew” in which it reports that Mitrione “was believed to be responsible for what is widely called the Mitrione Vest. This device is an inflatable vest which can be used to increase pressure on the chest during interrogation, sometimes crushing the rib cage.”  It is said be as effective as waterboarding but without the mess of the water.

Mitrione is quoted as saying, "A premature death means a failure by the technician.  It's important to know in advance if we can permit ourselves the luxury of the subject's death."  It is said that during this conversation “his plastic eyes sparkled” for the only time in months.  "The precise pain, in the precise place, in the precise amount, for the desired effect."

This four-minute video clips tells some of the story:  

A few days after Mitrione’s funeral a senior officer from Uruguay charged that Mitrione was there to teach police torture techniques, a charge the U.S. government called “absolutely false”.  In 1978, a CIA agent named Manuel Hevia Cosculleula published a book about his years working with Mitrione (“Eight Years with the CIA”) in which he described the electrical torture techniques taught by Mitrione.  According to Cosculleula, Mitrione told him:
  
"Before all else, you must be efficient. You must cause only the damage that is strictly necessary, not a bit more. We must control our tempers in any case. You have to act with the efficiency and cleanness of a surgeon and with the perfection of an artist. This is a war to the death. Those people are my enemy. This is a hard job, and someone has to do it. It's necessary. Since it's my turn, I'm going to do it to perfection. If I were a boxer, I would try to be the world champion. But I'm not. But though I'm not, in this profession, my profession, I'm the best."  

According to the book “Killing Hope”, written by William Blum:

“Things got so bad in Mitrione's time that the Uruguayan Senate was compelled undertake an investigation. After a five-month study, the commission concluded unanimously that torture in Uruguay had become a "normal, frequent and habitual occurrence inflicted upon Tupamaros as well as others. Among the types of torture the commission's report made reference to were electric shocks to the genitals, electric needles under the fingernails, burning with cigarettes, the slow compression of the testicles, daily use of psychological torture ... "pregnant women were subjected to various brutalities and inhuman treatment" ... "certain women were imprisoned with their very young infants and subjected to the same treatment." 


White House spokesman, Ron Ziegler, solemnly stated that "Mr. Mitrione's devoted service to the cause of peaceful progress in an orderly world will remain as an example for free men everywhere.''


"A perfect man," his widow said.

 

"A great humanitarian," said his daughter Linda.”


A 1973 movie, "State of Siege", was made based on the Mitrione story.

Dan Mitrione Jr.
The Mitrione story continues to a second generation.  His son, Dan Jr., after graduating from college and serving two years in Vietnam, joined the FBI. The younger Mitrione believed his father had been killed, not by his kidnappers, but by the U.S. government.  He had joined the FBI for the sole purpose of finding those responsible and “terminating them.” 

Mitrione was assigned to Operation Airlift in Florida, the FBI’s first venture into the drug war. Operation Airlift was formed around Sandini, a drug smuggler and suspected murderer who offered his services to the FBI in exchange for avoiding drug smuggling charges. Mitrione soon fell on the other side of the line.  During the Operation, Mitrione and Sandini had been skimming cocaine and selling it themselves. 

In April 1983, the FBI ceased Operation Airlift but Mitrione resigned from the FBI to become a business partner with Sandini and kept the cocaine smuggling going.  Mitrione began buying real estate and taking his wife and family on extravagant vacations all over the world. 

In April 1984, when a bomb was found under Sandini’s car, Mitrione was the prime suspect.  Both partners were afraid the other was about to sell out to authorities and the motive behind the bomb was believed to be an attempt to prevent Sandini from talking.  Local prosecutors had problems putting a case together because the FBI refused to cooperate and turn over files.  It was not until August 1984 that the FBI actually begin to investigate their former agent and came to the same conclusion: Mitrione planted the bomb.

In 1985, Mitrione was arrested and convicted of illegal drug trafficking. It was found that during Operation Airlift Mitrione and his partner had been turning over confiscated cocaine shipments to the government but not before skimming 42 kilos, an amount that would earn the two partners over $1 million each. Since he confessed and agreed to turn over real estate and other assets worth $850,000, Mitrione was sentenced to ten years probation. Since then he has authored a number of true-crime books.

Sources for this article include, but not limited to:

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Monday, July 29, 2013

July 30: First New World Legislature

On this date in History ......July 30, 1619: 

The first legislative body was formed in the New World. The House of Burgesses (the English word for “citizens”) convened on July 30 and the first law passed required tobacco to be sold for a minimum of three shillings per pound. 

Other laws passed during this first session included prohibitions against gambling, drunkenness and idleness, and one that made observation of the Sabbath mandatory.

Sunday, July 28, 2013

July 29: Charles and Diana's Wedding

On this date in History .... July 29, 1981:


Prince Charles of England weds Lady Diana Spencer.  

Tagged as The Wedding of the Century, it was watched by an estimated 750 million people around the world, making it the most popular program ever broadcast. 

3500 guests waited in the cathedral to watch the historic event.  Estimates ranging from 600,000 to two million spectators lined the streets with 4000 policeman to control the crowds. 

The wedding gown, which barely fit into the coach that drove the bride to the church, had 10,000 pearls.  The 25-foot train was longer than any other train worn by any royal English wedding bride, before or since. (Queen Elizabeth’s train was 13 feet long.)

A video that begins with Diana disembarking from the Glass Carriage to begin the long walk down the aisle at the cathedral can be seen by clicking HERE.

After she became Princess of Wales, Diana automatically became the “third highest ranked woman in the United Kingdom Order of Precedence, after the Queen and the Queen Mother.” 

Trivia from www.history.com:
  • Diana was the first British citizen to marry the heir to the English throne in 300 years, the last being Anne Hyde who married future King James II in 1660 (while seven months pregnant). 
  • Coincidentally, Diana’s son, William, became the first heir to marry a commoner since King James II in 1660.  (Diana was not a commoner; she came from an old English noble family.  Before the wedding her courtesy title was Lady Diana Spencer.)
  • Charles and Diana were the first British royal couple to omit the word “obey” from their wedding vows.
  • Charles forgot to seal his vows with a kiss at the altar but the couple established a new royal tradition of giving a public kiss on the balcony after the wedding. The tradition was continued with Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson, and with Prince William and Kate Middleton.

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July 28: "Animal House"

On this date in History .....July 28, 1978:  

The movie “Animal House” is released in theaters and becomes a multi-million dollar box office hit and a pop culture icon. 

It was made for $3 million and grossed over $141 million. More money was spent on advertising than on the movie itself. 

It was the first big hit for director John Landis who went on to direct “The Blues Brothers” and Michael Jackson’s “Thriller”. It was also the first film affiliated with college magazine National Lampoon.  Future Lampoon movies included the “Christmas Vacation” movies. 

Toga parties, popular in the 1950s, saw a rebirth in popularity upon the release of this film. 

Many of the cast members were unknowns but went on to become well known. John Belushi, for example, was the son of Albanian immigrants and did some theater summer stock in rural Indiana. Even though John appeared in only about a dozen scenes in the movie, it is said that his performance “stole the movie” and made it a box-office smash. 

It was the film debut for Kevin Bacon. Bacon and his wife, actress Kyra Sedgwick (“The Closer”) have been married since 1988 and found out in 2011, when doing family genealogy, that they are 9th cousins, once removed.

Stephen Furst (“Flounder”) also made his film debut in “Animal House”.  Both of his parents died when he was 16.  At 17, he was diagnosed with diabetes and it was not until he was facing amputation of this foot that he realized the seriousness of the disease and lost over 100 pounds.  He has become outspoken on the topic including making a video, “Diabetes for Guys”. He is surrounded by an artistic family.  Son Nathan is a TV and film composer; son Griff is an actor, director and musician; wife Lorraine is an entertainment lawyer.


The film spawned phrases that are still quoted today such as “Fat, drunk and stupid is no way to go through life, son”, putting people on “double secret probation” and of course the infamous, “FOOD FIGHT!!!!!”


(The favorite phrase is our house was used when we put our kids on "double secret probation" (click to see clip)!

Some additional trivia about the movie (source: www.imdb.com): 


  • The President of the University of Oregon only allowed this movie to be filmed on that campus because he decided he did not know how to read screenplays. In 1967 he had received the screenplay for a movie but had denied it permission to film there. That movie was The Graduate and he liked that movie so much that he decided he didn't want to miss another opportunity, so he allowed Animal House to be filmed on the University of Oregon campus. But he insisted that the college's name not be listed in the film's credits. 


  • According to Landis, Universal Pictures President Ned Tanen objected so strongly to the Dexter Lake Club scene that he interrupted a screening of the film and ordered the scene be removed immediately, claiming it would cause race riots in the theaters. In response, Landis screened the film for Richard Pryor, who then wrote a note to Tanen which read: "Ned, Animal House is fucking funny, and white people are crazy. Richard." 


  • Donald Sutherland was so convinced of the movie's lack of potential, that, when offered a percent of the gross or a flat fee of $75,000 for his three days' work, he took the upfront payment. Had he taken the gross percentage he would have been worth an additional $3-4 million. 



Saturday, July 27, 2013

July 27: Wright Brothers Flight

On this date in History .... July 27, 1909:  

Orville Wright tests 1st US Army airplane, flying 1hour and 12minutes. Wilbur was born in Millville (between New Castle and Hagerstown Indiana). Orville was born near Dayton Ohio.  With Lt. Frank P. Lahm as his passenger, Orville flies for one hour, 12 minutes, 37 4/5 seconds. The flight fulfills the Army's requirements of remaining in air for an hour carrying two persons and establishes the record for two-man flight. It is witnessed by President Taft, his cabinet, and other public officials as well as an estimated crowd of ten thousand spectators at Fort Meyer.

Looking back on his childhood, Orville once commented that he and his brother had "special advantages...we were lucky enough to grow up in a home environment where there was always much encouragement to children to pursue intellectual interests; to investigate whatever aroused their curiosity." (quote source: http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/aviation/wrightbrothers.htm)

Neither brother received a high school diploma, attended college or married.

Friday, July 26, 2013

July 26: Truman sets of NSA

On this date in History .... July 26, 1947:

Truman signs the National Security Act which set up much of the framework for policy making for the next 40 years of the Cold War. 

The Act established a unified Dept of Defense. It established the Nat’l Security Council which would service as a clearinghouse of information that gave brief but detailed reports to the President. It established the CIA, which replaced the CIG, the Central Intelligence Group. 

The CIA, however, became much more. It was a separate agency that would not only gather information but carry out covert operations in foreign countries. 

Thursday, July 25, 2013

July 25: Roseanne Sings National Anthem

On this date in History ... July 25, 1990:  

Roseanne Barr sings the National Anthem at San Diego Padre game on “Working Women’s Night.” 

It drew high criticism because of her blatant off key rendition and the crotch-grab at the end of the song. Just a few weeks earlier, Tom Werner, Executive Producer of the “Roseanne” TV show, had purchased the Padres. Time magazine voted her the worst Anthem singing of all time. She makes fun of herself and her singing in her show, shown in this clip (at marker 2:30). 

In the final two seasons of her show, she was paid over $40 million, making her the 2nd highest paid woman in show business at the time, after Oprah Winfrey.